Emotionally Focused Therapy (Couples)(EFT)
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Overview
Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples is a structured therapy based on attachment theory, developed by Sue Johnson. It aims to improve emotional bonds and relationship security by identifying negative interaction cycles and fostering secure attachment between partners.
What this therapy focuses on
Identifying negative interaction cycles (e.g., pursue–withdraw) driven by unmet attachment needs, and fostering new emotional engagement between partners.
What sessions are usually like
Couples sessions: 50–75 minutes
Frequency: Weekly or fortnightly
Time-limited: Typically 8–20 sessions
Three stages: de-escalation, restructuring interaction, consolidation
Session profile
Common uses and suitability
What problems it is commonly used for
Who this therapy may suit best
- Couples who want to understand the emotional roots of their conflicts
- Partners who are willing to be vulnerable with each other
- Relationships where both partners are committed to change
When it may need adapting or may not be suitable
- Active domestic violence (contraindicated without specialist assessment)
- Active substance abuse without treatment
- Where one partner has decided to leave
Where this therapy may not be enough
EFT is designed for couple relationships. It is contraindicated where there is active domestic violence. Individual mental health conditions may require parallel individual treatment.
What happens in therapy
Cycle De-escalation
Identifying the pattern you get stuck in as a couple (e.g., one pursues while the other withdraws) and understanding what’s underneath.
Emotional Engagement Events
Key moments in therapy where partners share vulnerable feelings and respond to each other’s needs directly.
Evidence Base
Guideline support
EFT is not covered by NICE guidelines (which focus on individual mental health conditions). It has a strong independent research base for relationship distress.
Strength of evidence
Moderate to strong for relationship distress. Meta-analyses demonstrate significant improvements in relationship satisfaction.
Limitations
Evidence is primarily for couples; less evidence for individual therapy adaptation. Contraindicated in active intimate partner violence without specialist assessment.
Evidence claims by condition
EFT helps couples understand and change the negative patterns in their relationship by addressing the emotions underneath.
Resources & Printables
For Professionals
Practitioner & Training Notes
Typical professional background
Couple therapists, psychologists, and counsellors with EFT training.
Recognised training routes
Externship training through ICEEFT (International Centre for Excellence in EFT) and affiliated trainers. Certification pathway with supervised practice.
Registration considerations
ICEEFT provides certification. Practitioners also registered with couple therapy and broader therapy bodies.
Source Registry
Last evidence review: January 2026. All sources are verified and checked on a scheduled cadence.